Collocation Method With Shifted Legendre-Based Approach for Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations

Authors

  • Salisu Ibrahim Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-5426
  • Sharmeen Izzat Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-0364
  • Chenar Abdulla Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-0098

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26713/cma.v17i1.3564

Keywords:

Shifted Legendre Polynomial, Collocation method, L2-Norm, Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations, Numerical Approximation

Abstract

The technique of solving nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) that we have used in the paper is the Shifted Legendre technique. This is achieved by rewriting the problem in a more stable way with Shifted Legendre polynomials which has been shown to be effective and precise in numerical solutions. Using this method allows solving complicated nonlinear equations and it is not difficult to obtain approximate solutions in a short time. The paper identifies the benefits of the given approach, that is, reduced computing requirements and enhanced precision and is supported by practical exercises. The up-to-date analysis of the solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs) by the Shifted Legendre technique provides a simple and easily applicable answer. Numerical findings of the applied method demonstrate the exact correspondence with the exact solution with the least errors that is better in comparison with the current methods. A number of examples are resolved to demonstrate the success of the suggested method with minimum errors that outperform the existing methods.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] S. Abbasbandy, Homotopy perturbation method for quadratic Riccati differential equation and comparison with Adomian’s decomposition method, Applied Mathematics and Computation 172(1) (2006), 485 – 490, DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2005.02.014.

[2] G. Adomian, Nonlinear Stochastic Operator Equations, Academic Press, San Diego, (1986), DOI: 10.1016/C2013-0-10271-1.

[3] P. Agarwal, M. Attary, M. Maghasedi and P. Kumam, Solving higher-order boundary and initial value problems via Chebyshev-spectral method: Application in elastic foundation, Symmetry 12(6) (2020), 987, DOI: 10.3390/sym12060987.

[4] A. Akyüz-Da¸scıo˘glu and H. Çerdık-Yaslan, The solution of high-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations by Chebyshev Series, Applied Mathematics and Computation 217(12) (2011), 5658 – 5666, DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2010.12.044.

[5] J. P. Boyd, Chebyshev & Fourier Spectral Methods, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, xvi + 798 pages (1989), URL: https://link.springer.com/book/9783540514879.

[6] M. Braun, Differential Equations and Their Applications: An Introduction to Applied Mathematics, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, xiii + 546 pages (1983), DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9229-3.

[7] J. C. Butcher, Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations, John Wiley & Sons, xxiv + 513 pages (2016), DOI: 10.1002/9781119121534.

[8] H. N. Caglar, S. H. Caglar and E. H. Twizell, The numerical solution of fifth-order boundary value problems with sixth-degree B-spline functions, Applied Mathematics Letters 12(5) (1999), 25 – 30, DOI: 10.1016/S0893-9659(99)00052-X.

[9] C. Cesarano, Generalized Chebyshev polynomials, Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 43(5) (2014), 731 – 740, URL: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/668888.

[10] R.-Y. Chang and M.-L. Wang, Shifted Legendre function approximation of differential equations; application to crystallization processes, Computers & Chemical Engineering 8(2) (1984), 117 – 125, DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(84)87018-0.

[11] G. Dattoli and C. Cesarano, On a new family of Hermite polynomials associated to parabolic cylinder functions, Applied Mathematics and Computation 141(1) (2003), 143 – 149, DOI: 10.1016/S0096-3003(02)00328-4.

[12] E. H. Doha, M. A. Abdelkawy, A. Z. Amin and A. M. Lopes, Shifted fractional Legendre spectral collocation technique for solving fractional stochastic Volterra integro-differential equations, Engineering with Computers 38 (2022), 1363 – 1673, DOI: 10.1007/s00366-020-01263-w.

[13] J. Douglas and B. F. Jones, On predictor-corrector methods for nonlinear parabolic differential equations, Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 11(1) (1963), 195 – 204, URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2098775.

[14] S. I. Hassan and S. Ibrahim, Shifted Chebyshev-Based methods for solution of nonlinear differential equations, Eurasian Journal of Science and Engineering 11(2) (2025), 213 – 234, DOI: 10.23918/eajse.v11i2p14.

[15] J. S. Hesthaven, S. Gottlieb and D. Gottlieb, Spectral Methods for Time-Dependent Problems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, x + 273 pages (2007), DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511618352.

[16] S. Ibrahim, Discrete least square method for solving differential equations, Advances and Applications in Discrete Mathematics 30 (2022), 87 – 102.

[17] S. Ibrahim, Solitary wave solutions for the (2+1) CBS equation, Advances in Differential Equations and Control Processes 29 (2022), 117 – 126, DOI: 10.17654/0974324322036.

[18] S. Ibrahim, Optical soliton solutions for the nonlinear third-order partial differential equation, Advances in Differential Equations and Control Processes 29 (2022), 127 – 138, DOI: 10.17654/0974324322037.

[19] S. Ibrahim and M. E. Köksal, Decomposition of fourth-order linear time-varying systems into its third- and first-order commutative pairs, Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 42 (2023), 3320 – 3340, DOI: 10.1007/s00034-022-02272-4.

[20] M. E. H. Ismail and E. Koelink, Theory and Applications of Special Functions, 1st edition, Springer, New York, xii + 491 pages (2005), DOI: 10.1007/b104910.

[21] J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, xvii + 641 pages (1962).

[22] F. Mohammadi and M. M. Hosseini, A new Legendre wavelet operational matrix of derivative and its applications in solving the singular ordinary differential equations, Journal of the Franklin Institute 348(8) (2011), 1787 – 1796, DOI: 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2011.04.017.

[23] R. K. Nagle, E. B. Saff and A. D. Snider, Fundamentals of Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 6th Edition, Addison-Wesely, Boston, (2004).

[24] S. Nemati, Numerical solution of Volterra–Fredholm integral equations using Legendre collocation method, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 278 (2015), 29 – 36, DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2014.09.030.

[25] Y. Öztürk and M. Gülsu, The approximate solution of high-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations by improved collocation method with terms of shifted Chebyshev polynomials, International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics 2 (2016), 519 – 531, DOI: 10.1007/s40819-015-0075-1.

[26] A. Rahmoune, D. Ouchenane, S. Boulaaras and P. Agarwal, Growth of solutions for a coupled nonlinear Klein-Gordon system with strong damping, source, and distributed delay terms, Advances in Difference Equations 2020 (2020), article number 335, DOI: 10.1186/s13662-020-02801-y.

[27] J. I. Ramos, Linearization techniques for singular initial-value problems of ordinary differential equations, Applied Mathematics and Computation 161(2) (2005), 525 – 542, DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2003.12.047.

[28] J. N. Reddy, An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston, (1945).

[29] M. Shams, N. Rafiq, N. Kausar, P. Agarwal, C. Park and N. A. Mir, On iterative techniques for estimating all roots of nonlinear equation and its system with application in differential equation, Advances in Difference Equations 2021 (2021), article number 480, DOI: 10.1186/s13662-021-03636-x.

[30] F. Verhulst, Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin — Heidelberg, x + 306 pages (1996), DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-61453-8.

[31] A. Wambecq, Rational Runge-Kutta methods for solving systems of ordinary differential equations, Computing 20 (1978), 333 – 342, DOI: 10.1007/BF02252381.

[32] A.-M. Wazwaz, A new method for solving singular initial value problems in the second-order ordinary differential equations, Applied Mathematics and Computation 128(1) (2002), 45 – 57, DOI: 10.1016/S0096-3003(01)00021-2.

[33] A.-M. Wazwaz, The numerical solution of fifth-order boundary value problems by the decomposition method, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 136(1-2) (2001), 259 – 270, DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00618-X.

Downloads

Published

30-03-2026

Issue

Section

Research Article

How to Cite

Ibrahim, S., Izzat, S., & Abdulla, C. (2026). Collocation Method With Shifted Legendre-Based Approach for Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations. Communications in Mathematics and Applications, 17(1), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.26713/cma.v17i1.3564