FRW Viscous Cosmology for Varying \(G\), \(c\) and \(\Lambda\), with Inhomogeneous Equation of State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26713/cma.v14i2.2017Keywords:
VSL theory, Viscous fluid, Dark energyAbstract
In this paper, the Freidmann equations described by inhomogeneous equation of state (EOS) of the form \(p= (\gamma-1)\rho c^{2}+\Lambda(t)\), for a bulk viscosity media, are considered. The time dependent parameter \(\Lambda\) is considered as a linear combination of the terms as \(\Lambda(t)=\Lambda_{0} + \Lambda_{1}\frac{\dot{R}}{R}\) and the bulk viscosity as \(\zeta=\zeta_{0}H^{-1} \rho\), where \(R\) is a scale factor and \(\Lambda_{0}\), \(\Lambda_{1}\) and \(\zeta_{0}\), are all constants. The resultant equation to the scale factor is solved to get the exact solution by choosing some special parameters, in the framework of variable speed of light (VSL) theory.
Downloads
References
A. Albrecht and J. Magueijo, Time varying speed of light as a solution to cosmological puzzles, Physical Review D 59 (1999), 043516 – 043528, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.043516.
N. A. Bahcall, J. Ostriker, S. Perlmutter and P. J. Steinhard, The cosmic triangle: revealing the state of the universe, Science 284 (1999), 1481 – 1488, DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5419.1481.
J. D. Barrow, Cosmologies with varying light speed, Physics Review D 59 (1999), 043515 – 043522, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.043515.
J. A. Belinchón and I. Chakrabarty, Perfect fluid cosmological models with timevarying constants, International Journal of Modern Physics D 12 (2003), 1113 – 1129, DOI: 10.1142/S0218271803003724.
J. A. Belinchón, Perfect fluid Lrs Bianchi I with time varying constants, Astrophysics and Space Science 302 (2006), 161 – 170, DOI: 10.1007/s10509-005-9023-6.
M. A. Clayton and J. W. Moffat, Dynamical mechanism for varying light velocity as a solution to cosmological problems, Physics Letters B 460 (1998), 263 – 270, DOI: 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00774-1.
L. P. Chimento, Form invariance of differential equations in general relativity, Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), 2565 – 2576, DOI: 10.1063/1.531996.
A. A. Coley, R. J. van den Hoogen and R. Maartens, Qualitative viscous cosmology, Physical Review D 54 (1996), 1393 – 1397, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.54.1393.
M.-G. Hu, and X.-H. Meng, Bulk viscous cosmology: Statefinder and entropy, Physics Letters B 635 (2006), 186 – 194, DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.02.059.
G. S. Khadekar and A. Ghogre, Bulk viscosity in Friedmann universe with a varying speed of light described by modified equation of state, International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 12 (2015), 1550126-1 – 1550126-18, DOI: 10.1142/S0219887815501261.
X. H. Meng and P. Wang, Modified Friedmann equations in R−1-modified gravity, Classical and Quantum Gravity 20 (2003), 4949 – 4961, DOI: 10.1088/0264-9381/20/22/018.
M. D. Mak and T. Harko, Full causal bulk-viscous cosmological models, Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), 5458 – 5476, DOI: 10.1063/1.532543.
X.-H. Meng, J. Ren and M.-G. Hu, Friedmann cosmology with a generalized equation of state and bulk viscosity, Communications in Theoretical Physics 47 (2007), 379 – 384, DOI: 10.1088/0253-6102/47/2/036.
J. W. Moffat, Superluminary universe: A possible solution to the initial value problem in cosmology, International Journal of Modern Physics D 2 (1999), 351 – 365, DOI: 10.1142/S0218271893000246.
S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Inhomogeneous equation of state of the universe: Phantom era, future singularity, and crossing the phantom barrier, Physical Review D 72 (2005), 023003 – 023014, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.023003.
A. Di Prisco, L. Herrera, G. Le Denmat, M. A. H. MacCallum and N. O. Santos, Nonadiabatic charged spherical gravitational collapse, Physical Review D 76 (2007), 064017 – 064025, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.064017.
A. G. Riess, A. V. Filippenko, P. Challis, A. Clocchiatti, A. Diercks, P. M. Garnavich, R. L. Gilliland, C. J. Hogan, S. Jha, R. P. Kirshner, B. Leibundgut, M. M. Phillips, D. Reiss, B. P. Schmidt, R. A. Schommer, R. C. Smith, J. Spyromilio, C. Stubbs, N. B. Suntzeff and J. Tonry, Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant, The Astronomical Journal 116 (1998), 1009 – 1038, DOI: 10.1086/300499.
M. Szydłowski and A. Krawiec, Dynamical system approach to cosmological models with a varying speed of light, Physical Review D 68 (2002), 063511 – 063524, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.063511.
W. Zimdahl, D. J. Schwarz, A. B. Balakin and D. Pavón, Cosmic antifriction and accelerated expansion, Physical Review D 64 (2001), 063501 – 063513, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.063501.
W. Zimdahl, Bulk viscous cosmology, Physical Review D 53 (1996), 5483 – 5493, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.5483.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CCAL that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
